The Southern United States The Southern United States—commonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, Down South, or simply the South—constitutes a large distinctive region in the southeastern and south-central United States. Because of the region's unique cultural and historic heritage, including Native Americans, early European settlements of English, Ulster Scots, state of North Carolina Spanish colonial forces were the first Europeans to make a permanent settlement in the area, when the Juan Pardo-led Expedition built Fort San Juan in 1567. This was sited at Joara, a Mississippian culture regional chiefdom near present-day Morganton in the western interior. This was 20 years before the English established their first colony at provided an important source of soldiers, supplies, and war materials Material is anything made of matter, constituted of one or more substances. Wood, cement, hydrogen, air and water are all examples of materials. Sometimes the term "material" is used more narrowly to refer to substances or components with certain physical properties that are used as inputs to production or manufacturing. In this sense, to the Confederate States of America The Confederate States of America was the government set up from 1861 to 1865 by eleven southern slave states of the United States of America that had declared their secession from the U.S. The CSA's de facto control over its claimed territory varied during the course of the American Civil War, depending on the success of its military in battle during the American Civil War Union blockade – Eastern – Western – Lower Seaboard – Trans-Mississippi – Pacific Coast. The city of Wilmington Wilmington is a city in and the county seat of New Hanover County, North Carolina, United States. The population was 75,838 at the 2000 Census. A July 1, 2008 United States Census Bureau estimate places the population at 100,192. Wilmington is the principal city of the Wilmington Metropolitan Statistical Area, a metropolitan area that covers New was among the leading ports of the Confederacy, providing a vital lifeline of trade with England The area now called England has been settled by people of various cultures for about 35,000 years, but it takes its name from the Angles, one of the Germanic tribes who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century, has had a significant and other countries, especially after the Union blockade The Union blockade took place between 1861 and 1865, during the American Civil War, when the Union Navy maintained a strenuous effort on the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the Confederate States of America designed to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy. Ships that tried to evade the blockade, known as choked off most other Confederate ports. Large supplies of weapons, ammunition, accoutrements, and military supplies flowed from Wilmington throughout the South.
Troops from North Carolina played a major role in dozens of major battles, including the Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg (locally /ˈɡɛtɨsbɜrɡ/ , with an ss sound), fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is often described as the war's turning point. Union Maj. Gen. George Gordon Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated, where Tar Heels were prominent in Pickett's Charge. One of the last remaining major Confederate armies The Confederate States Army was the army of the Confederate States of America during its brief existence from 1861 to 1865. It was established in two phases with provisional and permanent organizations, which existed concurrently, that of Joseph E. Johnston Joseph Eggleston Johnston was a career U.S. Army officer, serving with distinction in the Mexican-American War and Seminole Wars, and was also one of the most senior general officers in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War, surrendered near Bennett Place Bennett Place, the more well known name for the farmhouse in Durham, North Carolina, owned by James and Nancy Bennett , was the site of the largest surrender of Confederate soldiers ending the American Civil War, on April 26, 1865 in North Carolina after the Carolinas Campaign The Carolinas Campaign was the final campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. In January 1865, Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia. The defeat of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army at the.
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Early war years
As a plantation A plantation is a large farm or estate, usually in a tropical or subtropical country, where crops are grown for sale in distant markets, rather than for local consumption. The term plantation is informal and not precisely defined state in the Coastal Plain, North Carolina had a long history of slavery Slavery is a system in which people are the property of others. Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to demand wages. In some societies it was legal for an owner to kill a slave; in others it was a crime to kill a slave. There were no plantations and few slaves in the mountainous western part of the state. In the fraught election of 1860, North Carolina's electoral votes went to Southern Democrat John C. Breckinridge John Cabell Breckinridge was an American lawyer and politician. He served as a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from Kentucky and was the 14th Vice President of the United States, to date the youngest vice president in U.S. history, inaugurated at age 36, an adamant supporter of slavery who hoped to extend the "peculiar institution" to the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language' western territories, rather than to the Constitutional Union candidate, John Bell John Bell [citation needed] (February 15, 1797 – September 10, 1869) was a U.S. politician, attorney, and plantation owner. A wealthy slaveholder from Tennessee, Bell served in the United States Congress in both the House of Representatives and Senate. He began his career as a Democrat, he eventually fell out with Andrew Jackson and became a, who carried much of the upper South. Yet North Carolina (in marked contrast to most of the states that Breckinridge carried) was reluctant to secede from the Union when it became clear that Republican Abraham Lincoln Abraham Lincoln served as the 16th President of the United States from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through its greatest internal crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union and ending slavery. Before his election in 1860 as the first Republican president, Lincoln had been a country had won the presidential election. In fact, North Carolina did not secede Secession is the act of withdrawing from an organization, union, or especially a political entity. Threats of secession also can be a strategy for achieving more limited goals until May 20, 1861, after the fall of Fort Sumter Fort Sumter is a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor, South Carolina. The fort is best known as the site upon which the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired, at the Battle of Fort Sumter and the secession of the Upper South's bellwether, Virginia The area's history begins with several indigenous groups, including the Powhatan. In 1607 the London Company established the Colony of Virginia as the first permanent New World English colony. Land from displaced Native American tribes and slave labor each played significant roles in the colony's early politics and plantation economy. Virginia was. North Carolina was the second to last state to secede from the Union, Tennessee The State of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. In the being the last.
Many North Carolinians, especially yeoman A yeoman could be a free man holding a small landed estate, a minor landowner, a small prosperous farmer, especially from the Elizabethan era onwards , a deputy, assistant, journeyman, or loyal or faithful servant. Work "performed or rendered in a loyal, valiant, useful, or workmanlike manner", especially in situations that involve a farmers who owned few or no slaves, felt ambivalently about the Confederacy; draft-dodging, desertion, and tax evasion were common during the Civil War years. However, North Carolina contributed more troops the Confederacy than any other state. The Union's naval blockade of Southern ports The Anaconda Plan is the name widely applied to an outline strategy for subduing the seceding states in the American Civil War. Proposed by General-in-Chief Winfield Scott, the plan emphasized the blockade of the Southern ports, and called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two. Because the blockade would be rather and the breakdown of the Confederate transportation system took a heavy toll on North Carolina residents, as did the runaway inflation of the war years. In the spring of 1863, there were food riots in North Carolina (as well as Georgia Georgia is bordered on the south by Florida; on the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina; on the west by Alabama and by Florida in the south; and on the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northern part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, a mountain range in the vast Appalachian Mountains system. The central piedmont).
Politics
Henry Toole Clark served as the state’s chief executive from July 1861 to September 1862, a crucial period in which North Carolina established itself as a constituent member of the Confederacy and first suffered the hardships of war. Clark mobilized thousands of soldiers for the Southern cause, established the only Confederate prison in North Carolina, arranged the production of salt for the war effort, created European purchasing connections, and built a successful and important gunpowder mill. His successor, Zebulon Vance further increased state assistance for the soldiers in the field, establishing a network of suppliers and warehouses. As the war lengthened, William Woods Holden became an outspoken critic of the Confederate government, and a leader of the North Carolina peace movement. In 1864, he was the unsuccessful "peace candidate" against incumbent Governor Vance.
Military campaigns in North Carolina
From September 1861 until July 1862, Union Maj. Gen. Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derived from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A Major General is a high-ranking officer, normally subordinate to the rank of Lieutenant General and senior to the ranks of Brigadier and Brigadier General. "Major General" is generally considered to be Ambrose Burnside Ambrose Everett Burnside was an American soldier, railroad executive, inventor, industrialist, and politician from Rhode Island, serving as governor and a U.S. Senator. As a Union Army general in the American Civil War, he conducted successful campaigns in North Carolina and East Tennessee but was defeated in the disastrous Battle of, commander of the Department of North Carolina, formed the North Carolina Expeditionary Corps and set about capturing key ports and cities. His successes at Roanoke Island and New Bern helped cement Federal control of a part of coastal Carolina.
Fighting continued in North Carolina sporadically throughout the war, particularly along the coast, where the Union army launched several attempts to seize Fort Fisher Fort Fisher was a Confederate fort during the American Civil War. It protected the vital trading routes of the port at Wilmington, North Carolina, from 1861 until its capture by the Union in 1865. The fort was located on one of Cape Fear River's two outlets to the Atlantic Ocean on what was then known as Federal Point and today is known as. In the wars closing days, a large Federal force under William T. Sherman marched into North Carolina, and in a series of movements that became known as the Carolinas Campaign The Carolinas Campaign was the final campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. In January 1865, Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia. The defeat of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army at the, occupied much of the state and defeated the Confederates in several key battles, including Averasborough and Bentonville. Unlike the wanton destruction Sherman's troops wrought upon Georgia and South Carolina, they proceeded into North Carolina with a modicum of restraint, as the state had not been especially eager to join the Confederacy. The surrender of Joe Johnston's Confederate army at Bennett Place Bennett Place, the more well known name for the farmhouse in Durham, North Carolina, owned by James and Nancy Bennett , was the site of the largest surrender of Confederate soldiers ending the American Civil War, on April 26, 1865 in April 1865 essentially ended the war in the Eastern Theater This article presents an overview of major military and naval operations in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War.
Notable Civil War leaders from North Carolina
| Gov. Henry T. Clark | Maj. Gen. D. H. Hill | Maj. Gen. Dorsey Pender William Dorsey Pender was one of the youngest, and most promising, generals fighting for the Confederacy in the American Civil War. He was mortally wounded at the Battle of Gettysburg | Maj. Gen. Stephen Dodson Ramseur |
| Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew | Brig. Gen. Alfred M. Scales | Brig. Gen. Rufus Barringer | Brig. Gen. George B. Anderson |
| Brig. Gen. Bryan Grimes | Brig. Gen. James H. Lane | Brig. Gen. Matt W. Ransom |
Battles in North Carolina
Battle of Albemarle Sound Battle of Averasborough Battle of Bentonville Battle of Fort Anderson Battle of Fort Fisher I Battle of Fort Fisher II The Second Battle of Fort Fisher was a joint assault by Union Army and naval forces against Fort Fisher, outside Wilmington, North Carolina, near the end of the American Civil War Battle of Fort Macon Battle of Goldsboro Bridge Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries Battle of Kinston Battle of Monroe's Cross Roads Battle of Morrisville Battle of New Berne Battle of Plymouth Battle of Roanoke Island Battle of South Mills Battle of Tranter's Creek Battle of Washington Battle of White Hall Battle of Wilmington Battle of Wyse Fork
See also
External links
Categories: North Carolina in the American Civil War
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